1. Cankers are infections of the bark and sapwood on branches or trunks

2. The temperature gradient between the heart- and sapwood indicated the accuracy of the method.

3. Conks typically appear after extensive damage to the heartwood or sapwood (or both) has already occurred inside a tree

4. For spruce sapwood and beech without heart, the curves of moisture adsorption are shown and data regarding the hysteresis given.

5. The classification procedure was required in order to separate sapwood from colored heartwood, knots, rot and bark.

6. Thickness swelling, water absorption and equilibrium moisture content of heartwood boards were always lower than those of sapwood boards.

7. The drying of the beechwood boards in principal led to analogous relations; however at 130, 150 and 180° C the drying times of pine sapwood boards were somewhat longer.

8. Wood drying history had no effect on uptake by sapwood, but did affect uptake by heartwood; high-temperature-kiln-dried heartwood retained more solvent than air-dried or conventionally dried heartwood.

9. In this research, water absorption differences between sapwood and heartwood of Scots pine and Norway spruce heat-treated at temperatures 170 °C, 190 °C, 210 °C and 230 °C were investigated.

10. As regards the average drying rate between 100 and 10% wood moisture content of pine sapwood at 90° C wet bulb temperature, the investigations showed that this drying rate was approximately proportional to the psychrometric difference, as was the case with the Ytong aerated cement slabs.

11. Stumps thirty or forty years old, at least, will still be sound at the core, though the sapwood has all become vegetable mould, as appears by the scales of the thick bark forming a ring level with the earth four or five inches distant from the heart.

12. Prefinished Engineered Albizzia Flooring 1/2" x 5-1/2" (13mm x 140mm) with 4mm wear layer Heartwood golden yellow, light brown, red brown, or dark brown, sometimes with a greenish, purple, or red tinge, sometimes with dark streaks sapwood whitish, yellowish, or pinkish brown, well demarcated.

13. 1 Properties of brash wood 4 Accidental factors affecting type of failure and toughness of wood 8 Causes of Brashness investigated lo Species differences 10 Environmental factors 10 Width of growth rings 10 Percentage of summer wood 12 Sapwood as compared with heartwood 13 Cellular structure of wood low in density for its species :_ …

14. Coniferous wood, other than of pine (Pinus spp.), fir (Abies spp.) or spruce (Picea spp.), in the rough, not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, other than treated with paint, stains, creosote or other preservatives, other than of which any cross-sectional dimension is 15 cm or more