1. They measured the vibrations of these tympanal membranes and recorded the activity of their auditory nerves.

2. Via the venules of the tympanal wall, the wall of modiolus and the Pars ossea of the Lamina spiralis.

3. The Cochleae of the sperm whale and extant beaked whales also have a tympanal recess, a feature not seen in other living odontocetes