1. Since 1990, when optical-amplification systems became commercially available, the telecommunications industry has laid a vast network of intercity and transoceanic fiber communication lines.

2. Pierce analyzes a number of satellite relay systems in an influential paper that showed that very small broadcast power would serve for transoceanic communications using satellites.

3. Contingency Aborts may touchdown at an Emergency Landing Site (ELS), including Bermuda (BDA) or East Coast Abort Landing (ECAL) sites as well as sites across the Atlantic, at a Transoceanic Abort Landing (TAL) site, or at Kennedy Space Center (KSC).

4. [12] The original reference to experience from which the meaning of the term Astronavigation should be derived is not essentially "space-travel," but forms of transoceanic navigation which take into account the effects specific to changes in specific astronomical experiences, from fixed to variable, which are relevant to