1. The D has a double sharp Accidental next to it, raising it two semitones, and the G has a double flat Accidental, lowering it two semitones

2. Chromatic definition: In music , Chromatic means related to the scale that consists only of semitones

3. Twelve-tone equal temperament divides the octave into 12 semitones of 100 Cents each

4. Put simply, a Chromatic scale is all twelve notes arranged in ascending or descending order of pitch. It’s made up entirely of semitones (half steps) with each note being a semitone above or below the last note

5. The reason you see double Accidentals so rarely is that a D raised by two semitones is enharmonically equivalent to (in other words, it sounds the same as) an E♮, which is in the key signature of C Major.

6. Pitch-bend messages range in ±2 semitones (sometimes adjustable with Registered Parameter Numbers ), with precision of 1/8192 semitone. (The human ear cannot hear the difference between adjacent pure tones that differ by less than 1/20 semitone.

7. Aristoxenus and the Auletic viewpoint 151 ‘Pythagorean’ orthodoxy 158 Thrasyllus 159 Nicomachus, ‘Timaeus Locrus’ and Boethius 160 Minor Sources 166 Superparticularity 169 Archytas 171 Eratosthenes 182 Didymus 187 Ptolemy 194 6 Going beyond Ptolemy? 217 The soft diatonic and tense chromatic semitones 217 Modality 219 Focal notes 219

8. Musical intervalsare often expressed in Cents, a unit of pitch based upon the equal tempered octavesuch that one equal tempered semitoneis equal to 100 Cents. An octave is then 1200¢ and the other equal tempered intervals can be obtained by adding semitones: If f1= Hz and f2= Hz then the interval is Cents.