1. (1) Peripheral nerve lesion generates plastic changes of the afferent and sympathetic postganglionic neurons.

2. The effect of electrical stimulation of the postganglionic right accelerans nerve on heart rate in cats was studied.

3. It also inhibits the action of acetylcholine at the postganglionic nerve endings of the parasympathetic nervous system.

4. Maximal tetanic contraction is brought about by stimulation of the postganglionic nerve at the frequency of 200 Hz.

5. Mechanism of action The most important therapeutic action of Atropine is the inhibition of smooth muscle and glands innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves

6. Botulins are potent neurotoxins produced by the bacillus, Clostridium botulinum.The toxins are proteins that bind to a receptor on the presynaptic membrane of neurons in peripheral cholinergic synapses.Botulinum toxins act at four different sites in the body: The neuromuscular junction, autonomic ganglia, postganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings and postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings

7. Botulins are potent neurotoxins produced by the bacillus, Clostridium botulinum presynaptic membrane of neurons The toxins are proteins that bind to a receptor on the in peripheral cholinergic synapses.Botulinum toxins act at four different sites in the body: The neuromuscular junction, autonomic ganglia, postganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings and postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings

8. Atropine inhibits the muscarinic actions of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves, and on smooth muscles which respond to endogenous acetylcholine but are not so innervated.

9. On the basis of a larger serie of degeneration studies on cats it appears that the postganglionic fibres of this bloodvessel independent system originate in the superior cervical ganglion and reach the inner ear either via tympanic plexus — facial nerve — internal acoustic meatus or via auricular branch of X — facial nerve and internal acoustic meatus.