1. So both plankton and Benthos phases live as periphyton

2. Periphyton is very responsive to abiotic changes within recovering acidified shield lakes.

3. Key words: lake acidification, periphyton, microcosms, acid rain

4. Periphyton accrual rates were elevated at sites with high salmon biomass.

5. For comparison, we monitored periphyton in one previously acidified (sulfuric) lake and in two neutral lakes.

6. We studied the periphyton in two small lakes acidified experimentally with either sulfuric or nitric acid.

7. Key words: Adpressed diatoms, annual cycle, light optimum, periphyton, upright algae, vortical zonation Introduction

8. Sediments can also abrade and suffocate periphyton and macrophytes thus decreasing the primary production (Waters 1995).

9. In streams periphyton produce Autochthonous carbon, while leaves and needles which fall into the stream is allochthonous carbon

10. We conducted a survey of acidified shield lakes to assess epilithic periphyton assemblages as indicators of natural recovery.

11. Periphyton accumulation rates and alkaline phosphatase activity were examined in reaches of the Keogh River, British Columbia, following additions of grain and inorganic fertilizer as separate treatments during spring–summer 1981.

12. The base or basal species in a food web are those species without prey and can include autotrophs or saprophytic detritivores (i.e., the community of decomposers in soil, biofilms, and periphyton).

13. Leniusculus and Allocthonous (terrestrial detritus) and benthic autochthonous (periphyton and macrophyte) resources from the littoral zone of 14 lakes in Washington State, USA and Hokkaido, Japan during the summers of 2008 and 2009