1. Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive process of the heart in response to various stimuli, but sustained cardiac hypertrophy will finally lead to heart failure.

2. Compositions and methods for treating or preventing cardiac hypertrophy

3. Myo/V1 is upregulated during cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.

4. Key words: cardiac hypertrophy, inotropic responses, central a1-adrenoreceptors, arrythmias.

5. Also provided are methods of treating heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy with these formulations.

6. Pharmaceutical composition or functional food composition for the treatment, prevention or alleviation of cardiac hypertrophy comprising raspberry extract

7. No cardiac hypertrophy was present, as evidenced by similar mean cardiac weight and myocyte diameter in all groups.

8. Starting between 40 and 50 weeks, SHR develops characteristics of cardiovascular disease, such as vascular and cardiac hypertrophy.

9. The dynamics of uracil nucleotides was followed in the rat heart during the induction of cardiac hypertrophy by β-adrenoreceptor stimulation.

10. Puerarin Ameliorated pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in ovariectomized rats through activation of the PPARα/PGC-1 pathway Acta Pharmacol Sin

11. The period of adaption of cardiac hypertrophy during strain produced by swimming exercise is not influenced by the administration of growth hormone.

12. Irisin Alleviates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inducing protective autophagy via mTOR-independent activation of the AMPK-ULK1 pathway J Mol Cell Cardiol

13. The composition of the present invention is effective in treating, preventing or alleviating not only cardiac hypertrophy but also various cardiovascular diseases arising therefrom.

14. The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition or functional health food composition used for the treatment, prevention or alleviation of cardiac hypertrophy, comprising raspberry extract as an active ingredient.

15. More specifically, a process for mediating a broadly adaptive form of human cardiac hypertrophy and a protective process for post myocardial infarction (MI), both comprising illiciting an overexpression of ILK, are described.

16. However, cardiac hypertrophy is not only an adaptational state to, e.g., high blood pressure or heart valve stenosis, before heart failure occurs but per se is a risk factor for severe cardiac events such as arrhythmia, ischemia, and sudden death.

17. 3¿ is aryl which may have suitable substituent(s), and A is lower alkylene, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment of various diseases selected from the group consisting of cardiac hypertrophy, nephropacy such as nephritis or renal failure, arteriosclerosis, obliterans, obstructive thrombus, arterial embolus, Bürger-Grütz syndrome, acrocyanosis, chilblain, frostbite, prolactin-producing ovulation disorder, prolactin-producing pituitary tumor, puerperal galactoschesia, galactorrhea, distal hypertrophy, pituitary gigantism, mental illness, cerebrovascular diseases, tachycardia accompanied by sympathetic hypertonia, hyperaldosteronism, and diabetic complication.