1. Cross infection between patients and nurses in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) provided clear evidence that PICU HCWs risk acquiring serious herpetic infections, i.e. acute pharyngitis or whitlow from patients and vice-versa unless careful attention to infection prevention and control is practised(163).

Aux États-Unis, entre 1989 et 1993, on a observé une augmentation de 23 fois des infections dues aux ERV, de 0,3 % à 7,9 % des infections nosocomiales attribuables aux entérocoques signalées au National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance aux Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(325).