1. In this respect, the bishops attacked both the anchoresses’ way of living, as the ecstasy of the brides of Christ was especially condemned as immoderate, and that of the nomadic Beguines, whose wandering way of life was also read as excessive. [44] What was left – although increasingly regulated – was only the middle form of communal living under the control of worldly and ecclesiastical authorities.

Die auf Erfahrung gegründete Gotteserkenntnis (cognitio Dei experimentalis) trat in Konkurrenz mit der vermittelnden Rolle der Kirche.